Some conjunctions can be used with non- finite( or reduced ) adverbial clauses:
* While hunting for a lost necklace ( = while I was hunting for a lost necklace ) I found this .
* When planning a meal , check your complete cupboards for stocks before you go shopping .
Perfect participial plays a big part in the subordinate - clause type of participial phrase; or example:
* Having showered and changed ( = when she had showered and changed ) she returned to the guests' lounge.
* I decided to park safely outside the town , having been fined previously for illegal parking .
BEWARE OF HANGING PARTICIPLE!
Make sure that the subject of the participial phrase and the subject of the main verb are the same person or thing :
RIGHT: While window- shopping one day I was nearly involved in an accident.
WRONG: While window- shopping one day a bus mounted the pavement in front of us.
In the second example , the subject of the main verb is a bus but the subject of the participial phrase is intended to be I. YOU CAN GET SOME ABSURD EFFECT WITH HANGING PARTICIPLES AS HERE , WITH BUS DOING SOME WINDOW-SHOPPING.
There are two ways of rescuing hanging participle:
1) Make the subjects same :
* While window- shopping one day, I encountered a bus mounting the pavement in front me .
2 ) Turn the participial phrase into subordinate clause:
* While I was window- shopping one day , a bus mounted in front of me .
INDEPENDENT TYPE :
In some participial phrases the subject of the participle is different from that of the main verb , and the whole phrase , with its subject included , is independent of the main clause :
* Her eyes flashing , Margret addressed her critics.
* Washing-up done , we sat down to watch television .
SENTENCE ADVERBIALS
Certain participial phrases look as if they are a case of hanging participle , but they have acquired the grammatical status of sentence adverbial ( representing a comment by the speaker ) , so again , are independent of the main verb :
* Strictly speaking , a spider is an animal not an insect .
Participle - free ( or verbless ) non- finite structure :
Adjectival phrases and noun phrases relating to the subject of the main verb can be used with the same effect as the participial phrases . you can visualize a linking participle such as being or looking preceding them):
* White with rage , she slammed the door in his face .
* A pessimist always , I was not expecting much .
Participle- free structures independent of the subject of the main verb are also possible , but notice that the subject of the independent structure typically ' belongs ' to the main subject :
* Her face pale with fright , Susan sat motion-less
*
* While hunting for a lost necklace ( = while I was hunting for a lost necklace ) I found this .
* When planning a meal , check your complete cupboards for stocks before you go shopping .
Perfect participial plays a big part in the subordinate - clause type of participial phrase; or example:
* Having showered and changed ( = when she had showered and changed ) she returned to the guests' lounge.
* I decided to park safely outside the town , having been fined previously for illegal parking .
BEWARE OF HANGING PARTICIPLE!
Make sure that the subject of the participial phrase and the subject of the main verb are the same person or thing :
RIGHT: While window- shopping one day I was nearly involved in an accident.
WRONG: While window- shopping one day a bus mounted the pavement in front of us.
In the second example , the subject of the main verb is a bus but the subject of the participial phrase is intended to be I. YOU CAN GET SOME ABSURD EFFECT WITH HANGING PARTICIPLES AS HERE , WITH BUS DOING SOME WINDOW-SHOPPING.
There are two ways of rescuing hanging participle:
1) Make the subjects same :
* While window- shopping one day, I encountered a bus mounting the pavement in front me .
2 ) Turn the participial phrase into subordinate clause:
* While I was window- shopping one day , a bus mounted in front of me .
INDEPENDENT TYPE :
In some participial phrases the subject of the participle is different from that of the main verb , and the whole phrase , with its subject included , is independent of the main clause :
* Her eyes flashing , Margret addressed her critics.
* Washing-up done , we sat down to watch television .
SENTENCE ADVERBIALS
Certain participial phrases look as if they are a case of hanging participle , but they have acquired the grammatical status of sentence adverbial ( representing a comment by the speaker ) , so again , are independent of the main verb :
* Strictly speaking , a spider is an animal not an insect .
Participle - free ( or verbless ) non- finite structure :
Adjectival phrases and noun phrases relating to the subject of the main verb can be used with the same effect as the participial phrases . you can visualize a linking participle such as being or looking preceding them):
* White with rage , she slammed the door in his face .
* A pessimist always , I was not expecting much .
Participle- free structures independent of the subject of the main verb are also possible , but notice that the subject of the independent structure typically ' belongs ' to the main subject :
* Her face pale with fright , Susan sat motion-less
*
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