THE FUNCTIONS OF A NOUN IN A SENTENCE

NOUNS can have several different grammatical functions. They can act as the subject or object of a verb , the object of a preposition ,the complement of a linking  verb , the object  complement after a transitive verb ,and an adjective used before another noun.
Nouns as subjects
A noun  can be the subject of a verb :*
* The  students were reading quietly.
*  my photos didn't come out clearly.
* Mum and Dad usually get up about 6 am,
*Is  that light switch faulty,
* Hasn't the microwave oven been repaired yet.
Nouns act as objects
A noun can be the object of  a verb:
* Have you fed the cat?
* Please don' t interrupt the speaker.

* Did you enjoy that movie ?*Did you hear the news or the weather forecast.?
*We didn't dare make a sound.
Nouns as objects of a preposition
 Remember that a preposition always has an object (the preposition are in given in the examples below):*
*I walked into the sitting room .
*He was working on his desk.
*You are standing on my toe.
*Which lecture are you going to?
*We often run along the river bank for exercise and enjoyment.
GRAMMAR HELP
THE PREPOSITION CAN BE SEPARATED FROM ITS OBJECT.THIS HAPPENS IN SOME QUESTIONS AND IN CERTAIN OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS THAT WE SHALL DEAL WITH LATER:
* WHAT GODS DO THEY BELIEVE IN?

prepositions

Prepositions are the words ,usually short ones ,that you can use to specify any particular relationship that exists between people or objects ,or between people and objects. Such a relationship can be temporary or permanent, physical or abstract . For example;
1 space [position and direction ]
She sat on this chair.
Glasgow is in Scotland
I walked towards the door.
First two example out of three are used to tell position but third example is telling direction.
Time;
1 I 'll see you at six o ' clock.
2My birthday is on 1 April.
3I sometimes go running before breakfast.
other relationships
Who is the girl with you.
The report was prepared by the marketing department.
Did you see that program about frogs
A PREPOSITION always has an  OBJECT .Its object is the noun , pronoun,or pronoun that follows .
Some animals are active only at night .
I usually travel to school by bus.
you need 200 grams of flour  for this recipe.
Please wait outside the door.
Turn to page 49.
We are moving house at the end of the week.
Look at that1.
Come with with me.
The bus left without him.
THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION CAB BE AN ing form [called a gerund or verbal noun.]
1I AM

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

NOUNS CAN BE COUNTABLE OR UNCOUNTABLE. COUNTABLE TAKE A \AN BEFORE THEM OR BE USED IN THE PLURAL .UNCOUNTABLE ARE NOT USED WITH A \AN OR IN THE PLURAL.
* WE HAVE GOT THREE CHILDREN , TWO CATS, AND A DOG.
*It was good to get out into the countryside and breathe in fresh air
In these two sentences nouns are;  children ,cats,dog , countryside ,air.
Some nouns in English are normally uncountable ;but in other languages are countable.
1 there is always lots of housework to do.
2 Her jewellery  must have cost a fortune.
3Nouns  like ; accommodation, advice,applause,assistance, baggage, camping, cash chaos ,chess ,clothing ,conduct,courage ,cutlery ,dancing ,dirt ,employment ,equipment ,evidence ,fun ,furniture ,harm ,health ,homework ,housing, information ,leisure ,litter ,luck ,luggage ,machinery ,money ,mud ,music ,news ,nonsense ,parking ,pay ,permission ,photography ,poetry ,pollution produce ,progress ,publicity. research ,rubbish ,safety ,scenery ,shopping ,sighting sunshine ,transport ,underwear ,violence ,weather ,work .
A  noun sometimes is used uncountably when we are talking about the whole substance or idea , but countably when we are talking about recognized containers for things . See examples ;I prefer tea to coffee and serve three teas (= cups of tea ), please.
*A type , brand or make of things.
1 There is cheese in the fridge . 2 There were  dozens of cheeses (= kinds of cheese ) to choose from .
*A particular example of a physical or concrete thing , for example ; 1 She has blonde hair .2 There is a hair in my soup .!
*A particular instance of a substance or an idea . For example  , 1The statue was made of stone. and I had a stone in my shoe . She was always good at sport .and Football is mainly a winter sport in Britain.
* There are many nouns like -beer,

THE FUNCTION OF A NOUN IN A SENTENCE

NOUNS MAY BE SINGULAR OR PLURAL. PLURAL NOUNS USUALLY END IN S . BUT SOME PLURAL NOUNS DONOT END IN S.
NOUNS CAN BE USRD WITH THE ARTICLES-THE OR A AN .NOUNS LIKE HOME AND SCHOOL CAN BE USED WITHOUT AN ARTICLE.DETERMINERS SUCH AS POSSESS
IVES, QUANTIFIERS AND DEMONSTRATIVES CAN BE USED WITH NOUNS
*NOUNS NEED NOT TO BE SINGLE WORDS ;THEY MAY BE COMPOUNDS.IT MEANS CONSISTING OF TWO OR MORE WORDS.OR THEY MAY BE PHRASES CALLED NOUN PHRASES
* A NOUN CAN BE THE SUBJECT OR OBJECT OF AVERB,OR THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION.A NOUN CAN BE A COMPLEMENT AFTER A LINKING VERB OR AFTER THE OBJECT OF A TRANSITIVE VERB.A NOUN CAN BE USED ATTRIBUTIVELY, LIKE AN ADJECTIVE,BEFORE ANOTHER NOUN.
THE NAME OF PARTICULAR PEOPLE , PLACES ,THINGS , BUILDINGS AND PUBLICATIONS ARE PROPER NOUNS. THEY HAVE CAPITAL LETTERS. OTHER NOUNS ARE COMMON NOUNS SOME NOUNS CAN BE USED BOTH PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS.
*NOUNS CAN BE COUNTABLE OR UNCOUNTABLE. COUNTABLE NOUN MEANS  IT CAN BE USED WITH A\AN OR MADE PLURAL. UNCOUNTABLE ARE NOT NORMALLY MADE PLURAL,AND CAN BE USED WITHOUT AN ARTICLE. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS CAN BE BOTH ABSTRACT.
* SOME NOUNS FOR OCCUPATIONS DISTINGUISH BETWEEN MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDER,BUT MOST ARE COMMON- GENDER. COLLECTIVE NOUNS REPRESENT A GROUP OF PEOPLE ; THEY MAY TAKE A SINGULAR OR PLURAL VERB.

FIGURE OF SPEECH

*FIGURE OF SPEECH- METAPHOR -METAPHOR is an implied simile without  using as ,so ,like.
He is Solomon of our family.
*
PERSONIFICATION- MEANS  NON -LIVING THINGS ARE TREATED  AS LIVING THING.
*THE POEM MIRROR IS BEST EXAMPLE OF  PERSONIFICATION
*HYPERBOLE- WHEN WE EXAGGERATE THINGS *
*SHE WEPT AND FILLED ABUCKETS