ADVERB CLAUSE OF MANNER

Adverb clause of manner ,the conjunction used are ; as,if,as though,how,however,like,so that and the way introduce adverbial clause of manner. They answer the question  how, in what way?

.ex; Please do as you are told

She screamed as if she had seen a ghost.

Ram was hurrying o.

ADVERB CLAUSE OF MANNER

Adverb clause of manner ;T

Adverb clause of place

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PLACE
The conjunctions that introduce adverbial clause of place are; WHERE,WHEREVER,EVERYWHERE, ANYWHERE.They can all express either POSITION  or DIRECTION, so they answer the question WHERE or WHERE TO?
*  Stay  where [=in the place where ] you are!
Everywhere we travelled, we found wonderful hospitality.
Wherever it struck , smallpox caused widespread death and disfigurement.
*YOU CAN USE  THE PREPOSITION FROM AND TO BEFORE WHERE AND WHEREVER;
You  could see the flames from where we were standing.
I forward his mail to wherever he happens to be.
NOTE;  In older literature you find two conjunctions of direction ,whither,meaning'to where', and whence,meaning 'from where';
*I must go whither [to the place to which ] I am sent.
*They returned whence [= to the place from which ] they had come.
*When the main clause uses a future form of the verb,the verb in the subordinate clause,if it has a future tense,is nevertheless in the present tense.
You 'll find a warm welcome everywhere you go in Japan.
*Similarly ,in reported speech or thought , when the verb is in the main clause is in the future in the past, the verb in the subordinate clause , it has a future sense, is nevertheless in the simple past.
*We both knew that we would be in danger whenever there was fighting.
*You can usually put adverbial clause of place before the main clause, especially if the sense of the place conjunction is' wherever';
Wherever we went we were well treated.
Everywhere we  go we see the same ads.
Where there is life there is hope.

T HE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
An Adverbial clause is a dependent or subordinate clause which modifies a verb,an adjective,or as an adverb in the principal or main clause.
The Adverbial clauses are introduced by the subordinate conjunctions.
The Adverbial clauses may be classified as adverbial clauses of
1 Time                               5 Result or Consequence
2 Place                               6 Concession or Supposition
3 Purpose                            7Condition
4 Cause or   Reason             8Comparison/Manner

1Adverbial clause of Time
The conjunction used are;  after, as ,as soon as,before,once, since, till, until, when ,whenever,while,as long as,no sooner, so long as, etc.
See the example;
Wait for  me till I come.
Look before you leap.

NOMINAL RELATIVE CLAUSES  [INTRODUCED BY THE RELATIVE PRONOUN WHAT,and the wh-ever pronouns
The pronouns what ,whatever,whichever,whoever can introduce relative clauses.These pronouns don,'t refer back to a thing or a person in the main clause.They contain the thing or person they refer to, because they have meanings such as'anything that','everything that','anyone who,'everyone who','the one that',; the thing that',
 For example; WHAT[=the thing that] she cares about  most is her career.
 Hereis the report-feel free to correct whatever[=anything that] is in accurate.
Both outfits are lovely on you-buy whichever[=the one that] feels more comfortable
I am grateful to whoever[= the person who] washed all the dishes.
*What, whatever,whichever, can also be used as relative determiners to qualify a following noun
The thieves took what money[=all the money that] they could find in the bank.
Whatever food [=any food that ] you require you can take from the fridge.
Extra teaching will be arranged for whichever pupils[=all the pupils that] require help.
Therefore,clauses introduced by what or wh-ever pronouns and determiners are called nominative relative clauses.NOMINAL MEANS HERE RELATING TO NOUNS.
GRAMMARIANS regard a relative that begins with WHAT or one of the wh-ever pronouns or determiners as having the characteristics of both a RELATIVE CLAUSE and a NOUN CLAUSE. It is like a noun clause because it acts as the subject of a verb or the object of a  verb or preposition,as in the sentence below;
Whoever broke the window left fingerprints everywhere.[noun clause as the subject of the verb left]
I am grateful to whoever washed all the dishes.[object of the preposition to ]
We shall choose whichever option is the most convenient.[object of the verb choose]
REDUCED RELATIVES IN NON DEFINING CLAUSES. AND IN DEFINING CLAUSES
For instance,
The boy whom/who/that I wanted to see is absent today.
Mrs Jay ,who is the source of mischief ,backbites too much.

More about NON -DEFINING CLAUSE

*A non -restrictive clause can refer to the whole of the main clause;
I had to queue for two hours in the train which[=and that ] wasn't much fun.
*Noun/ quantifier+ preposition+relative pronoun.
Consider the following pair of sentences .
Sandra has masses of grandchildren.Some of them are already married.
Sandra has masses of grandchildren, some of them are married.
At the party I  met Edward.Conversations with him were always entertaining.
At the party I met Edward,conversations with whom were always entertaining.
Harry had been eating spaghetti.The remains of it could be seen in his beard.
Harry had been eating spaghetti,the remains of which could be seen in his beard.
*Preposition+which+noun
In another rather formal construction, which can be used as a determiner.
She died aged 97 in 1999,by which time she had written 251 novels.
There may be problems with my visa,in which case my departure may be delayed.
NOMINAL RELATIVE CLAUSES[ I